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During World War II, children and those at risk were taken to places
of safety to protect them from bombs and war damage. The well-known
story of evacuation sees people evacuated from London to the countryside.
However, this doesn't tell the whole story. Some children were evacuated
to other British Dominions (countries that were part of the British
Empire) such as Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa.
In this snapshot you will investigate what happened to a number of
children who were evacuated to Canada. Your task is to use primary
source evidence to see how much care was taken over these children.
Britain was at war, so were the children just put on a ship and sent
to Canada, or was their case carefully looked after? Once they were
there, were they abandoned, or were they monitored? How much care
was taken? Examine the official government documents and records to
find out.
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Overseas evacuation in World War II
Soon after Hitler came to power, Britain secretly made plans for
evacuation - moving infants, schoolchildren and some adults to the
countryside. In September 1939, several days before war was officially
declared, the plan was put into action. Many evacuees returned home
by early 1940 as the expected heavy air raids hadn't taken place.
With the Blitz later that same year, evacuation was soon hurriedly
begun again.
The original plans were just to evacuate people to places of safety
in Britain, not overseas. As the Second World War progressed and an
invasion of Britain became increasing likely, offers from British
dominions and other countries were taken seriously. Many felt it would
a sensible option, meaning children and others could be kept safe,
far away from the war whilst also reducing the demand for limited
food and resources in Britain.
Evacuation overseas began on a small scale and those featured in
this snapshot are examples of children send to Canada. The number
of evacuees sent overseas was never to reach huge proportions though.
Passenger ships that had been used to transport evacuees were soon
needed for more important duties, such as movement of troops and prisoners.
Once this began, any remaining passenger ships that could be used
for evacuation became an even more obvious target for German U-boats.
In August 1940 the SS Volendam, carrying British children, was torpedoed,
but thankfully all passengers were rescued. In September 1940, the
City of Benares was sunk with the loss of 77 children and over 200
adults. The British government immediately stopped the overseas evacuation
scheme. In total some 3,000 children were evacuated under the government
scheme, with around 10,000 evacuated privately. This was a small proportion
when compared with those evacuated within Britain. Nevertheless, as
this snapshot illustrates, the part played by British dominions in
offering a place of safety and security for those in danger during
World War II should not be overlooked.
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